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The shipper
requires the letter of credit as a means of guaranteeing payment.
The letter of credit is issued by the buyers bank to the seller.
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The letter
of credit serves as a guarantee by a disinterested third party to make
payment after pre-specified conditions have been met.
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Issued by the carrier to confirm a shipment
has been made. Issued to the buyer's bank to complete stipulations of
a letter of credit.
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This
document is used a confirmation that a shipment has been made. Can be
used by the buyers bank to confirm compliance with the letter of credit
and issue payment.
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Buyer
requires this as a formal offer and terms of sale.
The buyers
bank will typically use this as a basis for the letter of credit.
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Serves as a basis for an international
transaction. Can be used by the buyers bank as well as by the
government agencies.
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This is
required by, and filed with, the Department of Commerce.
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Used to
"control exports and supply export statistics."
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Required by
the Department of Commerce and filed with them.
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This is
used for commodity exports where there are no restrictions.
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Required by
and filed with either the Department of Commerce of Export
Administration or the Department of State.
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A special
license for the exportation of items that are "scarce materials,
strategic goods, and technology"; are war material, or are destined to
an unfriendly country.
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A document
from the carrier, but given to both the shipper and the buyer.
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For the
seller the document serves as a contract between the shipper and the
carrier for the goods. For the buyer it serves as a certificate of
ownership to receive the merchandise.
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Required
by, and given to, the importer or the exporter based on the terms of
the sale.
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This is
proof that the cargo is insured while it is in transit. Necessary
because shippers do not assume liability except for negligence on their
part.
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Required by
the buyer, and possibly importing country. Filed with the buyer.
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Basically
the same as a domestic invoice but also includes "origin of the goods,
export packing marks, and a clause stating the goods will not be
diverted to another country.
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Required by
the importing country. Filed with the consulate.
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Some
countries require this additional form in addition to the commercial
invoice.
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Required
and filed with the importing consul.
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Some
countries require certification as to the origin of a product. This is
handled by the local chamber of commerce.
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Required by
buyers and filed with the buyer.
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Typically
required for "grain, foodstuffs, and live animals" and in the United
States the Department of Agriculture handles the certification. For
some machinery the buyer may require that an engineering firm certify
the equipment is as ordered.
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